Heat removal rate of personal cooling systems using a sweating heated manikin according to ASTM F2371-16 (2024)

The test simulates human sweating and heat transfer using a controlled thermal manikin dressed in the garment to be tested. The manikin maintains a constant surface temperature (typically 35°C), while sweating and heat loss are measured.

The test determines the rate at which the clothing system removes heat from the manikin under specified conditions. This reflects the garment’s cooling efficiency or thermal burden relief capability.

• Sweating thermal manikin with temperature control (typically 35°C skin surface)
• Controlled environment (e.g., 35°C, 40% RH is a typical condition)
• Water supply for simulating sweat (distributed evenly over manikin zones)
• Data acquisition system for measuring power input and sweat loss

Preparation

• Precondition the clothing ensemble and manikin in the test environment.
• Set manikin skin temperature to 35.0 ± 0.5°C.
• Ensure sweating function is operational and evenly distributed.

Dressing the Manikin

• Dress the manikin with the clothing ensemble under test, ensuring proper fit.
• Clothing may include an active cooling system (e.g., ice vest, air-cooled suit).

Sweating Phase

• The manikin begins sweating at a defined rate.
• The test continues for a defined time period (commonly 60–90 minutes).

Data Collection

• Measure the power input required to maintain skin temperature.
• Measure latent and sensible heat losses (evaporation, convection, conduction).